Background

Bruny Island – a 362km2 stretch of land situated off the south-east coast of Tasmania –  is regarded as a ‘biodiversity hotspot’. The island’s landscapes are a mix of reserves, residential land, and farming areas and it is regarded as an important stronghold for Eastern Quolls, Swift Parrots and Forty-spotted Pardalotes, as well as being an importing breeding site for Little Penguin and Short-tailed Shearwater.

NRM South has been supporting projects across Bruny Island for close to two decades, focusing on a range of issues including conserving the island’s White Gums and Forty-spotted Pardalote populations, as well as marine debris cleanups. More recently, we worked with partners on a multi-year project to manage feral, stray and domestic cats in north Bruny Island, helping to remove a significant number of cats and increase community awareness about cat management.

Working with a range of partners, our Biodiverse Bruny project is an ambitious five-year initiative that is using a range of complementary approaches aimed at protecting and enhancing important habitat, supporting the island’s native species – with a particular focus on Forty-spotted Pardalotes and Eastern Quolls, and Aboriginal cultural burning.

Feral Cat Control

Supporting 40-spotted Pardalote populations

The Forty-spotted Pardalote (Pardalotus quadragintus) is a rare Tasmanian bird that is now largely confined to Bruny Island, Maria Island and two small patches of forest on coastal mainland Tasmania. They rely on forests where their preferred food tree, White Gums (Eucalyptus viminalis), are present. As their former range has contracted, remaining populations now face several threats, including low nesting site availability, competitors, ongoing habitat degradation, and parasitism by the larvae of a native ectoparasitic fly that causes severe nestling mortality.

The Biodiverse Bruny project will be using a range of appraoches to help support Forty-spotted Pardalote survival, including;

Feather dispensers and adapted nest boxes:

Forty-spotted Pardalotes nest in small tree cavities and use soft materials such as feathers, fur and grass. Following the success of a simple, yet effective management approach where dispensers filled with insecticide-treated feathers were made available to pardalotes as a way for the birds to ‘self-fumigate’ their nests. NRM South supported researchers from the Australian National University to expand this project to a landscape scale as part of a project that wrapped up in 2023. This approach will be rolled out on a much broader scale as part of the Biodiverse Bruny project, and will see dispensers installed at 40 locations, alongside the installation of competitor exclusion devices (adapted nest boxes) at eight sites.

Research into parasitic fly ecology:

This project will seek to improve our basic knowledge about the parasitic fly Passeromyia longicornis, with the aim of finding new ways to mitigate its impact on Forty-spotted Pardalotes. Modified fly traps will be installed to test bait types in order to determine best method for targeted surveys (while limiting bycatch).

Weeding:

Weed control will be carried out across three hectares to improve breeding habitat for Forty-spotted Pardalotes.
Habitat improvement:

Revegetation across six hectares of Forty-spotted Pardalote habitat will be carried out. This revegetation effort will focus on White Gum and associated understory vegetation.

Cultural Burning

Aboriginal cultural burning in Tasmania is both an important tool to support landscape health, as well as an important cultural practice that helps to connect Tasmania’s Palawa and Pakana community to Country. By integrating Aboriginal knowledge and leadership, scientific expertise, and community involvement this project is forging sustainable pathways for biodiversity conservation.

Murrayfield, on north Bruny Island, is an Aboriginal owned and operated sheep station that comprises a mixed landscape of bushland and pasture. This project will be working with partners at the South East Tasmanian Aboriginal Corporation (SETAC) to carry out cultural burning that will manage habitat to maintain a dry grassland and forest mosaic. Surveys of the site’s flora and fauna will be carried out to assess the impact of this burning practice.

Improving habitat

As well as the weed control and revegetation activities that for part of the suite of activities to support Forty-spotted Pardalote recovery, this project will be working with PWS to trial management of Phytophthora, also known as ‘root rot’ disease. Root rot is caused by a soil borne water mould known as Phytophthora cinnamoni and causes disease, death and potential extinction in susceptible plants, and loss of habitat for animals. This project will implement treatment across two hectares of key grass tree (Xantorrhoea australis)  habitat on north Bruny Island and employ measures to reduce the spread of this deadly disease into the islands threatened ecological community, Forests and Woodlands dominated by black or Brookers gum (Eucalyptus ovata / E. brookeriana).

Additional activities that will help to inform future habitat improvement include mapping the distribution and identifying the potential impact of feral deer on Bruny Island through the use of camera trap surveys.

Community Engagement

Over the course of this project, NRM South will be supporting community engagement efforts including signage, workshops and developing resource materials. These will cover subjects including deer management, Forty-spotted Pardalotes and the impacts of parasitic fly larvae, shorebirds, land management and biosecurity issues.